Substance Use and Disease

Tuesday, September 3, 2013

According to the World Heath Organization (2011, 2013):

Which of the following is the "leading risk factor" "for disease burden" in "the Americas," "the second largest in Europe" and "the world’s third largest risk factor for disease burden" which "results in 2.5 million deaths each year."

"Furthermore, 320 000 young people between the age of 15 and 29 die from _______-related causes, resulting in 9% of all deaths in that age group."

(Tobacco use is #6 of the "leading risk factors" when considering "disability-adjusted life years" but the WHO attributes more total deaths to tobacco: "Tobacco kills nearly 6 million people each year.")

a) alcohol
b) cocaine
c) opioid narcotic
d) methamphetamine

Source:
WHO Alcohol Fact Sheet, 2011
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs349/en/
WHO Tobacco Fact Sheet, 2013
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs339/en/index.html

Answer: (a) alcohol

Carbon Monoxide Poisoning

According to the CDC ("Carbon Monoxide Poisoning" 2013):

"Carbon monoxide, or CO, is an odorless, colorless gas that can cause sudden illness and death."

"CO is found in combustion fumes, such as those produced by cars and trucks, small gasoline engines, stoves, lanterns, burning charcoal and wood, and gas ranges and heating systems. CO from these sources can build up in enclosed or semi-enclosed spaces." Which of the following is/are recommended by CDC?

a) "Never use a gas range or oven for heating."
"Never use a portable gas camp stove indoors."
"Never use a charcoal grill or a barbecue grill indoors." 
"Do not use portable flameless chemical heaters (catalytic) indoors." 
"Never use a generator inside your home, basement, or garage or near a window, door, or vent."

b) "Install a battery-operated or battery back-up CO detector in your home  . . . "

c) "Never patch a vent pipe with tape, gum, or something else."

d) "Never burn anything in a stove or fireplace that isn't vented." "Have your chimney checked or cleaned every year. "

e) all of the above



Source:
http://www.cdc.gov/co/faqs.htm

Answer: (e) all of the above
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Never use a gas range or oven for heating. Never use a charcoal grill or a barbecue grill indoors. Never use a portable gas camp stove indoors.

Never use a generator inside your home, basement, or garage or near a window, door, or vent.Never run a car or truck in the garage with the garage door shut. 
ALL OF THE ABOVE

Weekly Health Quiz: Alcohol Use and Health

According to the CDC ("Alcohol Use and Health" 2013)

"There are approximately ________ attributable to excessive alcohol use each year in the United States.1 This makes excessive alcohol use the 3r d leading lifestyle-related cause of death for the nation.2 Excessive alcohol use is responsible for 2.5 million years of potential life lost (YPLL) annually, or an average of about 30 years of potential life lost for each death.1"
" . . .  if you drink alcoholic beverages, do so in moderation, which is defined as no more than _____ per day for women and no more than _____ per day for men.5 However, there are some persons who should not drink any alcohol, including those who are . . . ""Driving, planning to drive, or participating in other activities requiring skill, coordination, and alertness." (AMONG OTHERS)

"Heavy drinking is defined as consuming . . . For women, more than 1 drink per day on average. . . For men, more than 2 drinks per day on average."


a) 11,000 deaths; 1 drink ; 2 drinks
b) 22,000 deaths; 1 drink ; 2 drinks
c) 44,000 deaths; 1 drink ; 2 drinks
d) 88,000 deaths; 1 drink ; 2 drinks


Source:
http://www.cdc.gov/alcohol/fact-sheets/alcohol-use.htm

Answer:
d) 88,000 deaths; 1 drink ; 2 drinks